unit 3 / lesson 7

Time Words, Memory, and Future Intention

Learn the first Kai time system: now, before, later, current action, future intention, remembered past, completed events, and simple plans.

spaced review

grammar return practice

15 patterns due

Start here before the new lesson work. These earlier patterns are deliberately returning in a later lesson.

sixth later lesson / from unit 1 / lesson 1

Sounds, Spelling, and First Words

Use the pattern in a short dialogue, paragraph, translation, or project answer without looking back.

• first-syllable stress
• no hidden English spelling rules
• phonemic spelling
• pure vowels

third later lesson / from unit 2 / lesson 4

Questions, Short Answers, and Repair

Mix this pattern with the current lesson's main form so retrieval happens in a new context.

• content question words
• final ya for yes-no questions
• question-word placement
• repair phrases
• short answers

next lesson / from unit 3 / lesson 6

Present Action, Objects, and Everyday Routines

Before new material, explain the older pattern aloud and write one fresh Kai sentence with it.

• direct objects after predicates
• el for current process
• negated present action
• predicate after el
• relation phrases after objects
• routine action with rinve

beginner vocabulary load

cumulative vocabulary limit

within limit

new terms

7

cumulative

84

limit

90

remaining

6

The Beginner course keeps a running vocabulary cap so learners can practice the sentence engine without uncontrolled word growth.

new in this lesson

• an
• or
• um
• rinum
• rinan
• rino
• mino

vocabulary

lesson vocabulary

31 items

• el
• an
• or
• um
• rine
• rinum
• rinan
• rino
• rinve
• yari
• yano
• ya
• sai
• sha
• mi
• ti
• si
• nai
• tio
• yare
• name
• namo
• hune
• huno
• kame
• some
• venlune
• mino
• noa
• li
• te

grammar

lesson patterns

7 patterns

• time words after the clause
• el for current process
• an for future intention
• um for remembered past
• or for completed manifest event
• yari time questions
• simple plan statements

pronunciation

pronunciation practice

8 cues

say these words

1. el ehl /ˈel/
2. an ahn /ˈan/
3. or ohr /ˈoɾ/
4. um oom /ˈum/
5. rine ree-neh /ˈɾi.ne/
6. rinum ree-noom /ˈɾi.num/
7. rinan ree-nahn /ˈɾi.nan/
8. rino ree-noh /ˈɾi.no/

speaking routine

1. Say each form once slowly, keeping every written vowel audible.
2. Repeat the list at normal speed without changing the vowel quality.
3. Use two words in a short sentence and keep first-syllable stress stable.

translation

translation drill

8 prompts

1. Translate Mi el yare rine.
2. Translate Ti el name namo rine.
3. Translate Mi an yare rinan.
4. Translate Nai an venlune rinan.
5. Translate Mi um yare rinum.
6. Translate Ti um name namo rinum.
7. Translate Mi or name namo rinum.
8. Translate Mino e yano?

dialogue

dialogue practice

1 model / 1 audio model

Mini-Dialogue

1. Mino e yano? What is the plan?
2. Nai an yare li noa rinan. We will go home later.
3. Nai an venlune yari? When will we discuss?
4. Nai an venlune rinan. We will discuss later.
5. Ti um yare li noa rinum ya? Do you remember going home before?
6. Sai. Mi um yare li noa rinum. Yes. I remember going home before.

+2 more turns in the lesson

dialogue audio model

Short call-and-response exchanges for first-course listening practice.

source text beginner dialogue

listening

listening practice

1 audio source

Beginner dialogue audio

Short call-and-response exchanges for first-course listening practice.

source text beginner dialogue

1. Listen once without the source text and follow the speaker turns.
2. Replay and shadow three short Kai lines aloud.
3. Write two lines from dictation, then check the source text.

listening comprehension

1. 01
   In BD001, what does speaker A ask after the greeting? catch the first yes-no question

   answer

   Ti en noa ya?

2. 02
   What answer confirms that speaker B is in noa? recognize a positive identity answer

   answer

   Sai. Mi en noa.

3. 03
   What question about huno repeats in every beginner dialogue? hear a repeated desire question

   answer

   Ti li huno ya?

4. 04
   How does speaker B answer when they want huno? hear a positive want statement

   answer

   Sai, mi li huno.

5. 05
   Across BD001-BD005, which five words follow en in speaker A's first question? track the changing keyword

   answer

   noa, namnoa, lunnoa, kamnoa, sannoa.

answers

structured answer key

1 section / 26 answers

Answer Key 26 answers

• 1 I am going now.
• 2 You are eating food now.
• 3 I will go later / I intend to go later.
• 4 We here will discuss later.
• 5 I remember going before.
• 6 You remember eating food before.
• 7 I ate food before.
• 8 What is the plan?
• 9 We here will go home later.
• 10 When will we go?
• 11 el
• 12 an
• 13 um
• 14 rinum
• 15 rinan
• 16 Mi an yare. is better because an already marks future intention.
• 17 Mi um yare rinum. focuses on memory.
• 18 Mi or name namo rinum. focuses on the completed event.
• 19 Mi el name namo rine.
• 20 Ti an hune huno rinan.
• 21 Nai an venlune rinan.
• 22 Mi um yare li noa rinum.
• 23 Si or yare rinum.
• 24 Nai an yare yari?
• 25 Ti el name namo rine ya?
• 26 Model answer: Mino e yano? / Nai an yare li noa rinan. / Nai an yare yari? / Nai an yare rinan.

Objectives

• Use rine, rinum, rinan, and rino for basic time reference.
• Keep time words after the main clause in beginner sentences.
• Use el for current unfolding action.
• Use an for future intention or about-to action.
• Use um for remembered or inward past.
• Recognize or for completed manifest events.
• Ask "when" questions with yari.
• Write short plan statements and plan dialogues.

Core Idea

Common Kai marks aspect before the predicate and can add a time word after the clause.

Mi el name namo rine.

I am eating food now.

The basic time shape for this lesson is:

subject + aspect + predicate + object/relation + time word

Do not think of Kai as only English past, present, and future. The particles tell how the event is held: unfolding, intended, completed, or remembered.

Vocabulary

You already practiced rinve for routines. This lesson focuses on rine, rinum, and rinan, with rino reserved for exact times.

Time Words

Place beginner time words after the main clause.

You may see topic-fronted time phrases in the reference grammar, such as Rinum, mi um yare li noa. For this beginner course, keep the time word at the end unless you have a clear reason to foreground it.

Current Process with el

Use el for unfolding present action.

If the time is obvious, rine is optional:

Mi el yare. = I am going.

Future Intention with an

Use an before the predicate for future, intended, about-to, or planned action.

Do not add el after an in beginner sentences.

Remembered Past with um

Use um for remembered, inward, recollected, or dreamlike past. It does not only say that the event happened; it marks the event as held in memory or inner recollection.

This is useful in stories, testimony, dreams, and personal memory.

Completed Events with or

Use or for completed, manifest events. This lesson mainly trains um, but you should recognize the difference.

Compare:

Both can refer to past time. um makes memory part of the meaning. or presents the event as completed.

Asking When with yari

Use yari for "when." Put it where the time answer would go.

For yes-no time questions, keep final ya.

Simple Plans

Use mino for "plan" and an for intended action.

In beginner speech, the clearest way to state a plan is often a plan question plus an an sentence:

Mino e yano?

Nai an yare li noa rinan.

Watch Out

Guided Practice

Choose the best aspect particle.

1. Mi ___ name namo rine. = I am eating food now.
2. Mi ___ yare rinan. = I will go later.
3. Mi ___ yare rinum. = I remember going before.
4. Mi ___ name namo rinum. = I ate food before.
5. Nai ___ venlune rinan. = We will discuss later.

Choose the right time word.

1. rine = now, later, or before?
2. rinum = now, later, or before?
3. rinan = now, later, or before?
4. rino = exact time point or regular routine?
5. rinve = exact time point or regular routine?

Mini-Dialogue

Practice

1. Translate: Mi el yare rine.
2. Translate: Ti el name namo rine.
3. Translate: Mi an yare rinan.
4. Translate: Nai an venlune rinan.
5. Translate: Mi um yare rinum.
6. Translate: Ti um name namo rinum.
7. Translate: Mi or name namo rinum.
8. Translate: Mino e yano?
9. Translate: Nai an yare li noa rinan.
10. Translate: Nai an yare yari?
11. Fill the blank: Mi ___ hune huno rine. = I am drinking water now.
12. Fill the blank: Ti ___ yare rinan. = You will go later.
13. Fill the blank: Mi ___ yare rinum. = I remember going before.
14. Fill the blank: Mi or yare ___. = I went before.
15. Fill the blank: Nai an venlune ___. = We will discuss later.
16. Choose the better beginner sentence: Mi an el yare. or Mi an yare.
17. Choose the sentence focused on memory: Mi um yare rinum. or Mi or yare rinum.
18. Choose the sentence focused on completed event: Mi um name namo rinum. or Mi or name namo rinum.
19. Write in Kai: I am eating food now.
20. Write in Kai: You will drink water later.
21. Write in Kai: We will discuss later.
22. Write in Kai: I remember going home before.
23. Write in Kai: They went before.
24. Ask in Kai: When will we go?
25. Ask in Kai: Are you eating food now?
26. Write a four-line plan dialogue using mino, an, rinan, and yari.

Answer Key

1. I am going now.
2. You are eating food now.
3. I will go later / I intend to go later.
4. We here will discuss later.
5. I remember going before.
6. You remember eating food before.
7. I ate food before.
8. What is the plan?
9. We here will go home later.
10. When will we go?
11. el
12. an
13. um
14. rinum
15. rinan
16. Mi an yare. is better because an already marks future intention.
17. Mi um yare rinum. focuses on memory.
18. Mi or name namo rinum. focuses on the completed event.
19. Mi el name namo rine.
20. Ti an hune huno rinan.
21. Nai an venlune rinan.
22. Mi um yare li noa rinum.
23. Si or yare rinum.
24. Nai an yare yari?
25. Ti el name namo rine ya?
26. Model answer: Mino e yano? / Nai an yare li noa rinan. / Nai an yare yari? / Nai an yare rinan.

Next Step

Next you will learn to describe people and things with qualities and source phrases.