unit 5 / lesson 5

Story Unit 05: Reasons, Conditions, Consequences, and Choices

Learn to write story turns with clear reasons, purposes, conditions, consequences, choices, obligations, advice, and possible outcomes in Common Kai.

learner boundary

Common Kai first

Story and Kaiven pages may invite mythic or inner readings. Read the scene as Common Kai first: who is present, what happens, what changes, and what grammar carries the action.

• State the plain scene before symbolic meaning.
• Mark particles and clause order before register notes.
• Treat inner reading as commentary, not as the basic translation.

spaced review

grammar return practice

16 patterns due

Start here before the new lesson work. These earlier patterns are deliberately returning in a later lesson.

third later lesson / from unit 2 / lesson 2

Story Unit 02: Past, Remembered Past, Before, After, While, and Since

Mix this pattern with the current lesson's main form so retrieval happens in a new context.

• avoiding ra for ordinary story past
• broad past time with rinum
• comma after fronted time gates
• contrast between sequence adverbs and temporal clauses
• future story time with rinan
• ordinary past with or
• remembered past with um
• time-gate clauses with rinum va rinor va rinel va rinna va

next lesson / from unit 4 / lesson 4

Story Unit 04: Direct Speech, Indirect Speech, Quote Punctuation, and Dialogue Repair

Before new material, explain the older pattern aloud and write one fresh Kai sentence with it.

• dialogue repair using miri lune rin-te yano luni yaal kailun
• direct answers with sailune colon
• direct speech with lune colon
• direct-to-indirect rewriting
• indirect speech with va
• ordinary quote punctuation in Roman learning text
• reported questions with ya inside embedded clauses
• speaker tags and repeated names for clarity

vocabulary

lesson vocabulary

78 items

• a
• ma
• sai
• sha
• ya
• yano
• yava
• yana
• mi
• ti
• si
• nai
• tio
• sio
• e
• el
• an
• or
• um
• li
• na
• en
• al
• te
• va
• vai
• ri
• liri
• anvai
• an-vai
• rine
• rinum
• rinan
• rinor
• rinel
• rinna
• noa
• yaro
• vao
• sannoa
• lumo
• silu
• heni
• mali
• risi
• niva
• nive
• nivu
• miri
• neli
• mino
• riva
• lano
• kiri
• vari
• luno
• lune
• yale
• sailune
• venlune
• komtao
• komvao
• yare
• mire
• sile
• hile
• vae
• ore
• kale
• name
• hune
• hole
• kame
• some
• ela
• aeli
• teeli
• milo

grammar

lesson patterns

12 patterns

• cause with na
• purpose with li
• consequence with liri
• contrast with ri
• conditions with an va
• unreal or remembered conditions with um and an-vai
• choices with vai
• decision scenes with mino te
• advice with sai li
• obligation with lano li
• possibility with an-vai and anvai
• why questions with yana

pronunciation

pronunciation practice

10 cues

sound focus

• a ah open vowel; keep it clear
• e eh clear e; do not reduce it

say these words

1. ma mah /ˈma/
2. sai seye /ˈsai̯/
3. sha shah /ˈʃa/
4. ya yah /ˈja/
5. yano yah-noh /ˈja.no/
6. yava yah-vah /ˈja.ʋa/
7. yana yah-nah /ˈja.na/
8. mi mee /ˈmi/

speaking routine

1. Say each form once slowly, keeping every written vowel audible.
2. Repeat the list at normal speed without changing the vowel quality.
3. Use two words in a short sentence and keep first-syllable stress stable.

translation

translation drill

8 prompts

1. English to Kai Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.
2. English to Kai Maria stayed home so that the child would be safe.
3. English to Kai Aleso called Maria because fear was in Aleso.
4. English to Kai Maria wrote a text in order to understand.
5. English to Kai Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.
6. English to Kai Danger was on the road, but Aleso went.
7. English to Kai If Maria is ill, we will go to the clinic.
8. English to Kai If water is at home, drink water.

listening

listening practice

1 audio source

Intermediate dialogue audio

Longer Common Kai turns for everyday and story-level listening.

source text connected speech

1. Listen once without the source text and follow the speaker turns.
2. Replay and shadow three short Kai lines aloud.
3. Write two lines from dictation, then check the source text.

listening comprehension

1. 01
   In ID001, what full question does speaker A ask? follow an extended yes-no question

   answer

   Mi el yale va ti an yare li noa ya.

2. 02
   What phrase does speaker B use to show a possible future action? hear an-vai as possible intention

   answer

   Mi an-vai yare.

3. 03
   In ID001, what does speaker B say they are becoming more of? identify the changing complement after nive

   answer

   namo.

4. 04
   What follow-up line does speaker A use after hearing speaker B's answer? track the response that mirrors the keyword

   answer

   An va namo en tio, nai an teyare.

5. 05
   Across ID001-ID005, which five words follow nive in speaker B's second clause? track the rotating intermediate keyword

   answer

   namo, huno, alo, luno, telteno.

answers

structured answer key

7 sections / 57 answers

Reading and Recognition 15 answers

• 1 Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.
• 2 Aleso called Maria because fear was in Aleso.
• 3 Maria called Aleso so that Aleso would be safe.
• 4 Maria wrote a text in order to understand.
• 5 Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.
• 6 Maria wants to go, but Maria is ill.
• 7 If Maria is ill, we will go to the clinic.
• 8 If Aleso goes, Maria goes with Aleso.
• 9 Maria might go.
• 10 Maybe / perhaps Aleso is safe.
• 11 Maria will go or stay.
• 12 The decision / plan is with Maria now.
• 13 Maria changed her mind / changed her plan.
• 14 Maria must go.
• 15 Maria should stay home.

Cause or Purpose 6 answers

• 16 na
• 17 li
• 18 na
• 19 li
• 20 na
• 21 li

Contrast or Consequence 5 answers

• 22 liri
• 23 ri
• 24 liri
• 25 ri
• 26 liri

Conditions and Possibility 6 answers

• 27 An
• 28 te
• 29 an-vai
• 30 Anvai
• 31 um
• 32 an

Choices and Pressure 6 answers

• 33 vai
• 34 te
• 35 li
• 36 li
• 37 kiri
• 38 vari

English to Kai 16 answers

• 39 Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.
• 40 Maria or hole en noa li ela e niva.
• 41 Aleso or hile Maria na risi en Aleso.
• 42 Maria or kale luno li miri.
• 43 Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa.
• 44 Nivu en yaro, ri Aleso or yare.
• 45 An va Maria e sanu, nai an yare li sannoa.
• 46 An va huno en noa, ma hune huno.
• 47 Maria an-vai yare.
• 48 Anvai Aleso e niva.
• 49 Maria an yare vai hole.
• 50 Mino te Maria rine.
• 51 Maria or ore mino riva.
• 52 Lano li Maria yare.
• 53 Sai li Maria hole en noa.
• 54 Maria e kiri li yare, ri Maria sha e vari li yare.

Guided Story Writing 3 answers

• 55 Sample answer:
  Mino te Maria rine.
Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa.
Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.
Maria or hole en noa li ela e niva.
Maria li yare, ri Maria e sanu.
An va yaro e niva, Maria an yare.
Anvai Maria an yare.
Maria an yare vai hole.
• 56 Sample answer:
  Nivu en yaro.
Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.
An va yaro e niva, Aleso an yare li yaro.
Aleso or yare li yaro, ri Maria or hole en noa.
Mali en Maria; liri Maria or kale luno.
• 57 The first sentence gives a cause: Maria stayed home because danger was on the road. The second gives a purpose: Maria stayed home so that the child would be safe.

Objectives

• Explain why a character acts with na.
• Explain what a character acts for with li.
• Use liri to show consequence.
• Use ri when a sentence turns against expectation.
• Build conditional story turns with an va.
• Use an-vai and anvai for possible outcomes.
• Write choices with vai and decisions with mino.
• Use advice and obligation as story pressure without losing Common Kai clarity.

Core Idea

Story events become meaningful when the reader can see pressure.

Plain event:

Maria or hole en noa.

Maria stayed home.

With reason:

Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.

Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.

With consequence:

Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa.

Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.

With condition:

An va nivu en yaro, Maria an hole en noa.

If danger is on the road, Maria will stay home.

These forms let a scene become a chain of motive, choice, and result.

Reasons with na

Use na for cause/source: because of, from, due to.

na points backward to the source of the action.

Pattern:

action clause + na + reason clause

Purpose with li

Use li for purpose: in order to, so that.

li points forward to the intended result.

Pattern:

action clause + li + purpose clause

Reason or Purpose?

Use na for why the action came from something.

Use li for what the action is trying to reach.

Do not use li for every English "because." Do not use na for every English "so that."

Consequence with liri

Use liri for therefore, so, as a result.

Use a semicolon before liri in learner text when two full clauses are connected.

Contrast with ri

Use ri when the second clause pushes against the first.

Use ri for tension. Use liri for result.

Conditions with an va

Use an va for if / when a condition is seeded.

The condition after an va keeps ordinary Common Kai word order.

Pattern:

An va condition clause, result clause.

Conditions in Story Scenes

Conditions create branches. The story may follow one branch, refuse it, or leave it possible.

Use names when the branch could become unclear.

Possibility with an-vai and anvai

Use an-vai before a predicate for might / possible future.

Use anvai at the start for maybe / perhaps.

Use possibility when the story has not chosen the path yet.

Unreal or Remembered Conditions

For counterfactual or unreal conditions in v0.4, use um in the condition and an-vai in the result.

These are advanced for Story Kai. Keep them clear and rare.

Choices with vai

Use vai for or / choice between paths.

When a choice sentence gets heavy, split it.

Heavy:

Maria an yare li yaro vai hole en noa na risi en Maria.

Clearer:

Risi en Maria. Maria an yare li yaro vai hole en noa.

Decision Scenes with mino

Use mino for plan, thought-form, or decision.

Mino te Maria rine is useful when a scene pauses at a choice.

Obligation, Advice, Permission, and Ability

These forms create different kinds of story pressure.

Do not collapse all of these into one English "can." In stories, the difference matters.

Maria e kiri li yare, ri Maria sha e vari li yare.

Maria is able to go, but Maria is not permitted to go.

Why Questions with yana

Use yana to ask why.

Answer with na when giving the cause.

Maria or yare na Aleso or hile Maria.

Maria went because Aleso called Maria.

Mini-Scene 1: Cause and Consequence

Mini-Scene 2: Condition and Choice

Mini-Scene 3: Pressure and Choice

Watch Out

Guided Practice

Choose the best Kai sentence.

Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro. / Maria or hole en noa li nivu en yaro.

Maria or hile Aleso li Aleso e niva. / Maria or hile Aleso na Aleso e niva.

Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa. / Nivu en yaro, ri Maria or hole en noa.

An va Maria e sanu, nai an yare li sannoa. / An Maria e sanu, nai an yare li sannoa.

Maria an-vai yare. / Maria an vai yare.

Maria an yare vai hole. / Maria an yare ri hole.

Maria e kiri li yare. / Maria e vari li yare.

Maria e vari li yare. / Maria e kiri li yare.

1. Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.
2. Maria called Aleso so that Aleso would be safe.
3. Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.
4. If Maria is ill, we will go to the clinic.
5. Maria might go.
6. Maria will go or stay.
7. Maria is able to go.
8. Maria is permitted to go.

Practice

A. Reading and Recognition

Translate into English.

1. Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.
2. Aleso or hile Maria na risi en Aleso.
3. Maria or hile Aleso li Aleso e niva.
4. Maria or kale luno li miri.
5. Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa.
6. Maria li yare, ri Maria e sanu.
7. An va Maria e sanu, nai an yare li sannoa.
8. An va Aleso el yare, Maria te Aleso el yare.
9. Maria an-vai yare.
10. Anvai Aleso e niva.
11. Maria an yare vai hole.
12. Mino te Maria rine.
13. Maria or ore mino riva.
14. Lano li Maria yare.
15. Sai li Maria hole en noa.

B. Cause or Purpose

Choose na or li.

1. Maria or hole en noa ___ nivu en yaro. = Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.
2. Maria or hole en noa ___ ela e niva. = Maria stayed home so that the child would be safe.
3. Aleso or lune ___ Maria or yale. = Aleso spoke because Maria asked.
4. Aleso or lune ___ mino e miri. = Aleso spoke in order for the plan to be understood.
5. Maria or kale luno ___ mali en Maria. = Maria wrote a text because sorrow was in Maria.
6. Maria or kale luno ___ miri. = Maria wrote a text in order to understand.

C. Contrast or Consequence

Choose ri or liri.

1. Nivu en yaro; ___ Maria or hole en noa. = Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.
2. Nivu en yaro, ___ Aleso or yare. = Danger was on the road, but Aleso went.
3. Maria e sanu; ___ Maria sha an yare. = Maria is ill; therefore Maria will not go.
4. Maria li yare, ___ Maria e sanu. = Maria wants to go, but Maria is ill.
5. Aleso or hile Maria; ___ Maria or sile Aleso. = Aleso called Maria; therefore Maria heard Aleso.

D. Conditions and Possibility

Fill the blank.

1. ___ va Maria e sanu, nai an yare li sannoa. = If Maria is ill, we will go to the clinic.
2. An va Aleso el yare, Maria ___ Aleso el yare. = If Aleso goes, Maria goes with Aleso.
3. Maria ___ yare. = Maria might go.
4. ___ Maria an yare. = Maybe Maria will go.
5. An va mi ___ e kiri, mi an-vai yare. = If I had been able, I might have gone.
6. An va yaro e niva, Maria ___ yare. = If the road is safe, Maria will go.

E. Choices and Pressure

Fill the blank.

1. Maria an yare ___ hole. = Maria will go or stay.
2. Mino ___ Maria rine. = The decision is with Maria now.
3. Lano ___ Maria yare. = Maria must go.
4. Sai ___ Maria hole en noa. = Maria should stay home.
5. Maria e ___ li yare. = Maria is able to go.
6. Maria e ___ li yare. = Maria is permitted to go.

F. English to Kai

Write each sentence in Kai.

1. Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.
2. Maria stayed home so that the child would be safe.
3. Aleso called Maria because fear was in Aleso.
4. Maria wrote a text in order to understand.
5. Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.
6. Danger was on the road, but Aleso went.
7. If Maria is ill, we will go to the clinic.
8. If water is at home, drink water.
9. Maria might go.
10. Maybe Aleso is safe.
11. Maria will go or stay.
12. The decision is with Maria now.
13. Maria changed her plan.
14. Maria must go.
15. Maria should stay home.
16. Maria is able to go, but Maria is not permitted to go.

G. Guided Story Writing

1. Write an eight-line choice scene in Kai. Include:

• one reason with na
• one purpose with li
• one consequence with liri
• one contrast with ri
• one condition with an va
• one possible outcome with an-vai or anvai
• one choice with vai
• one decision sentence with mino

1. Rewrite this plain event chain as a motivated scene:

Maria or hole en noa. Aleso or yare li yaro. Maria or kale luno.

Add at least one reason, one condition, and one consequence.

1. Explain in English the difference between these two sentences:

Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.

Maria or hole en noa li ela e niva.

Answer Key

A. Reading and Recognition

1. Maria stayed home because danger was on the road.
2. Aleso called Maria because fear was in Aleso.
3. Maria called Aleso so that Aleso would be safe.
4. Maria wrote a text in order to understand.
5. Danger was on the road; therefore Maria stayed home.
6. Maria wants to go, but Maria is ill.
7. If Maria is ill, we will go to the clinic.
8. If Aleso goes, Maria goes with Aleso.
9. Maria might go.
10. Maybe / perhaps Aleso is safe.
11. Maria will go or stay.
12. The decision / plan is with Maria now.
13. Maria changed her mind / changed her plan.
14. Maria must go.
15. Maria should stay home.

B. Cause or Purpose

1. na
2. li
3. na
4. li
5. na
6. li

C. Contrast or Consequence

1. liri
2. ri
3. liri
4. ri
5. liri

D. Conditions and Possibility

1. An
2. te
3. an-vai
4. Anvai
5. um
6. an

E. Choices and Pressure

1. vai
2. te
3. li
4. li
5. kiri
6. vari

F. English to Kai

1. Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.
2. Maria or hole en noa li ela e niva.
3. Aleso or hile Maria na risi en Aleso.
4. Maria or kale luno li miri.
5. Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa.
6. Nivu en yaro, ri Aleso or yare.
7. An va Maria e sanu, nai an yare li sannoa.
8. An va huno en noa, ma hune huno.
9. Maria an-vai yare.
10. Anvai Aleso e niva.
11. Maria an yare vai hole.
12. Mino te Maria rine.
13. Maria or ore mino riva.
14. Lano li Maria yare.
15. Sai li Maria hole en noa.
16. Maria e kiri li yare, ri Maria sha e vari li yare.

G. Guided Story Writing

1. Sample answer:

Mino te Maria rine.

Nivu en yaro; liri Maria or hole en noa.

Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.

Maria or hole en noa li ela e niva.

Maria li yare, ri Maria e sanu.

An va yaro e niva, Maria an yare.

Anvai Maria an yare.

Maria an yare vai hole.

1. Sample answer:

Nivu en yaro.

Maria or hole en noa na nivu en yaro.

An va yaro e niva, Aleso an yare li yaro.

Aleso or yare li yaro, ri Maria or hole en noa.

Mali en Maria; liri Maria or kale luno.

1. The first sentence gives a cause: Maria stayed home because danger was on the road. The second gives a purpose: Maria stayed home so that the child would be safe.